Great South Bay

A tranquil view across the Great South Bay at sunset, with golden skies reflecting on the water and the Robert Moses Causeway bridge visible in the distance. Framed by coastal marsh grasses and seabirds in flight, the image captures the natural beauty and peaceful atmosphere that define Long Island’s South Shore bayfront.
A tranquil view across the Great South Bay at sunset, with golden skies reflecting on the water and the Robert Moses Causeway bridge visible in the distance. Framed by coastal marsh grasses and seabirds in flight, the image captures the natural beauty and peaceful atmosphere that define Long Island’s South Shore bayfront. File photo: Scott Heaney, licensed.

Stretching nearly 45 miles along the southern coast of Long Island, the Great South Bay is a shallow, sheltered lagoon nestled between the mainland and the barrier beaches of Fire Island. Rich in maritime history and natural beauty, this iconic body of water has long been a hub for boating, fishing, shellfishing, and waterfront recreation.

A Vital South Shore Landmark

The bay touches the shores of numerous Long Island communities, including Babylon, Islip, Sayville, Patchogue, Bellport, and Brookhaven. These towns have historically depended on the bay for transportation, commerce, and local seafood industries – especially clamming and oystering. While commercial shellfishing has declined over time, recreational boating and fishing remain a cherished tradition.

Boating & Recreation

The Great South Bay is a haven for boaters, offering calm waters ideal for everything from kayaking and jet skiing to large cabin cruisers. Marinas and boat ramps line the shore, and many residents enjoy private docks with direct access. Popular boating destinations include Oak Beach, Captree Island, and Fire Island. Fishing in the bay yields fluke, bluefish, weakfish, and more.

Ecological Importance

The bay’s salt marshes, eelgrass beds, and tidal creeks create a thriving habitat for birds, fish, and other wildlife. It plays a crucial role in Long Island’s coastal ecosystem, acting as a nursery for marine species and a buffer against storm surges. Ongoing environmental efforts are in place to restore water quality and preserve this natural resource for future generations.

Fire Island Connection

Separated from the Atlantic Ocean by Fire Island, the Great South Bay is accessed through inlets like Fire Island Inlet and Moriches Inlet, making it a gateway to the open sea. The barrier beach not only protects the bay from rough ocean waters but also adds to its scenic charm.

Quick Facts:

  • Location: South Shore of Long Island, NY
  • Length: Approx. 45 miles
  • Activities: Boating, fishing, crabbing, kayaking, birdwatching
  • Notable Towns Along Shoreline: Babylon, Islip, Patchogue, Sayville, Bellport

Did You Know?
Before bridges and highways, the Great South Bay served as a major transportation route for ferries and cargo, and was once considered among the most productive shellfish habitats in the world.